Cleft Palate Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Cleft Palate, including details on causes, surgery, treatment.

A genome wide linkage scan for cleft lip and palate and dental anomalies.

Vieira AR, McHenry TG, Daack-Hirsch S, Murray JC, Marazita ML

Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. arv11@dental.pitt.edu

We revisited 46 families with two or more siblings affected with an orofacial cleft that participated in previous genome wide studies and collected complete dental information. Genotypes from 392 microsatellite markers at 10 cM intervals were reanalyzed. We carried out four sets of genome wide analyses. First, we ran the analysis solely on the cleft status. Second, we assigned to any dental anomaly (tooth agenesis, supernumerary teeth, and microdontia) an affection status, and repeated the analysis. Third, we ran only the 19 families where the proband had a cleft with no dental anomalies. Finally, we ran only the 27 families that had a proband with cleft and additional dental anomalies outside the cleft area. Chromosomes (1, 2, 6, 8, 16, and 19) presented regions with LOD scores >2.0. Chromosome 19 has the most compelling results in our study. The LOD scores increased from 3.11 (in the scan of all 46 families with clefts as the only assigned affection status) to 3.91 when the 19 families whose probands present with no additional dental anomalies were studied, suggesting the interval 19p13.12-19q12 may contain a gene that contributes to clefts but not to dental anomalies. On the other hand, we found a LOD score of 3.00 in the 2q22.3 region when dental anomalies data were added to the analysis to define affection status. Our preliminary results support the hypothesis that some loci may contribute to both clefts and congenital dental anomalies. Also, adding dental anomalies information will provide new opportunities to map susceptibility loci for clefts.

Published 26 May 2008 in Am J Med Genet A, 146(11): 1406-13.
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Articles on Cleft Palate published 26 May 2008:

Risk of oral clefts in relation to prepregnancy weight change and interpregnancy interval.   Am J Epidemiol, 167(11): 1305-11.

Epidemiologic evidence regarding the influence of maternal obesity on the risk of oral clefts is inconsistent. It is unknown whether increases in maternal weight before pregnancy are related to the risk of these malformations. The authors conducted a population-based cohort study in Sweden among 220,328 women who had their first two pregnancies between 1992 and 2004. The risk of oral clefts during the second pregnancy was estimated in relation to maternal change in body mass index (BMI; weight ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Cleft Palate published 12 May 2008:

Maternal dietary intake of vitamin A and risk of orofacial clefts: a population-based case-control study in Norway.   Am J Epidemiol, 167(10): 1164-70.

A population-based case-control study was carried out in Norway between 1996 and 2001. The aim was to evaluate the association between maternal intake of vitamin A from diet and supplements and risk of having a baby with an orofacial cleft. Data on maternal dietary intake were available from 535 cases (188 with cleft palate only and 347 with cleft lip with or without cleft palate) and 693 controls. The adjusted odds ratio for isolated cleft palate only was 0.47 (95% confidence interval: 0.24, ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Cleft Palate published 5 May 2008:

Midmaxillary internal distraction osteogenesis: ideal surgery for the mature cleft patient.   Plast Reconstr Surg, 121(5): 1768-78.

BACKGROUND: Distraction osteogenesis is a recent technique often used for maxillary advancement to correct skeletofacial deformities in cleft patients. Conventional orthognathics falls short of achieving adequate stable results. Osteodistraction with Le Fort I osteotomy may create velopharyngeal incompetence. The authors propose a new technique for distracting only the anterior maxilla to improve aesthetics and occlusion while preserving existing speech patterns, using skeletally fixated ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Cleft Palate published 27 March 2008:

Confirmation of the role of N-acetyltransferase 2 in teratogen-induced cleft palate using transgenics and knockouts.   Mol Reprod Dev, 75(6): 1071-6.

Previous work on Dilantin- and hydrocortisone-induced cleft palate and cleft lip with or without cleft palate using congenics for the N-acetyltransferase loci (Nat1 and Nat2 are closely linked) and recombinant inbred lines implicated the Nat1,2 region in susceptibility to teratogen-induced orofacial clefting. Since Nat1 does not differ between the two strains, Nat2 appeared to be responsible. We have now tested this conclusion using transgenics and knockouts. Transgenics for human NAT1 ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Cleft Palate published 21 March 2008:

Internal maxillary distraction with a new bimalar device.   J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 66(4): 675-83.

PURPOSE: Distraction osteogenesis of the Le Fort I segment is advocated for patients who require significant advancement of the maxilla or who have a soft tissue envelope compromised by scar tissue. We present a technique for maxillary distraction using an interconnecting intraoral device anchored to the malar prominences above the osteotomy and either the maxilla and/or the dentition below the level of the osteotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate, ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Cleft Palate published 19 March 2008:

Success rate of gingivoperiosteoplasty with and without secondary bone grafts compared with secondary alveolar bone grafts alone.   Plast Reconstr Surg, 121(4): 1356-67; discussion 1368-9.

BACKGROUND: Gingivoperiosteoplasty has been shown to eliminate the need for secondary alveolar bone grafting in 60 percent of patients. The purpose of this study was to compare radiographic alveolar anatomy following infant gingivoperiosteoplasty, secondary alveolar bone grafting, and secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients who had prior infant gingivoperiosteoplasty with inadequate bone formation. METHODS: Seventy-four consecutive nonsyndromic patients (complete bilateral cleft lip-cleft ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Evaluating the success of gingivoperiosteoplasty versus secondary bone grafting in patients with unilateral clefts.   Plast Reconstr Surg, 121(4): 1343-53; discussion 1368-9.

BACKGROUND: The role of gingivoperiosteoplasty in closure of the cleft alveolus remains controversial. Few studies have documented long-term results of gingivoperiosteoplasty and how it compares to secondary bone grafting. The purpose of this study was to compare gingivoperiosteoplasty with secondary bone grafting by evaluating the amount of bone produced at the alveolar cleft site in patients with unilateral clefts. This comparison should help delineate the role of gingivoperiosteoplasty in ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

The fetal cleft palate: v. elucidation of the mechanism of palatal clefting in the congenital caprine model.   Plast Reconstr Surg, 121(4): 1328-34.

BACKGROUND: Failure of palatal shelf fusion at the precise gestational time point when shelf elevation and migration normally occur results in clefting. The present study defined the mechanism of clefting in the congenital caprine model by evaluating the temporal sequence of palatal shelf fusion. METHODS: Six Spanish-type goats pregnant with twins were gavaged for 10 days (gestational days 32 to 41) with anabasine. Goats were examined with ultrasound throughout this period to assess fetal ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

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